Don Bolden Witnesses and Documents Burlington’s Evolution for the Times-News

by Kevin Clang

Don Bolden covered Alamance County for the Burlington Times-News for over fifty years (Photo from Times-News)

One month before the Berlin Wall fell, Don Bolden was traveling through Gagra, Georgia, with strict orders from the government not to photograph anything.  Bolden was traveling with a local Burlington school group under the guise of an “education consultant,” having been refused a visa as a reporter.  Gagra was still being controlled by the Soviet Union.  In response to recent uprisings, martial law had been enacted and soldiers roamed the streets.

It was just too good a story for the journalist in Bolden to ignore.  As soon as he was sure that none of the locals were looking, Bolden quickly snapped a few pictures of three martial law troops.  When they saw what he was doing, the troops quickly turned, confronting Bolden and assaulting him with their bayonets.  “Eventually I was able to convince them that I was photographing the swans nearby,” said Bolden.

A Half-Century in the Community

In over fifty years as a photographer, writer and editor at the Burlington Times-News and as a member of Elon University’s School of Communications‘ advisory board, Don Bolden has seen and done it all.  One can sense this almost immediately when they sit down with him.  As a student journalist it would have been easy to get intimidated, but Bolden’s soothing voice and genial attitude instantly puts you at ease.  Despite the lure of cushier jobs at bigger papers in larger cities, Bolden never felt the need to leave his hometown.  “I had opportunities to go elsewhere, but I enjoy small towns,” he said, “I knew the community so well.”

Bolden’s first love was photography, which was introduced to him by his father.  “I processed film for the school paper and yearbook,” he said.  Ultimately Bolden’s student work made it into the Times-News.  ‘I was able to travel to their headquarters and meet the staff,” Bolden said.  He joined the Times-News first in 1948, starting at the circulation desk and working his way up to photography and writing jobs.  He became editor in 1982, a job he held for eleven years.

Bolden in Burlington

The town of Burlington has changed significantly in Bolden’s many years working in it.  “In the 1940s there were 25,000 people, mostly working the textile and hosiery businesses,” said Bolden, “we were the beginning of the Bible Belt.”  Today the population of Burlington has almost doubled, despite the textile industry disappearing in 1969.  “We are much more diverse now,” he said.  Bolden has published two books on the history Alamance County, one detailing the city during World War Two and one collection of photographs from the twentieth century.

Bolden views this type of connection to one’s neighborhood as an important part of any reporter’s job.  “Know the community you write in, have a working relationship with them,” he says, “Be a leader.”  In doing so, the paper and the reporter have closer relationships to the reader, which gives them more incentive to read the newspaper.  “Support local community activities . . . always try to change things for the better.”

How to Fix Newspapers

“Newspapers are struggling to find their role in society,” says Bolden, who thinks the emergence of cable and internet news as popular resources have transformed journalism forever, and not necessarily for the better.  Bolden believes that the only way newspapers can survive is to stick local, devoting most of their attention to things like local obituaries, sports and news.  “Go deeper, ask questions.  ‘Why’ is much more important than ‘what,’” he Bolden believes. “It’s a scary time for papers,” he said, adding “when the economy rebounds, papers will be back.”

For aspiring journalists, Bolden has clear advice: “Make sure this is what you want to do.”  Since the job can be very stressful and has no definitive hours, students have to be sure that they like it before committing.  At times he found the constant work to be taxing, but according to Bolden “I have a very understanding wife, and that helps.”  In the end, Don Bolden would not trade his experiences for anything.  “It’s a real kick,” he said, adding to students “enjoy the ride.”

Is Radio Dead? A Look at the State of Traditional Radio

The PDF version of this article can be viewed here.

by Kevin Clang

Their homes had been absolutely devastated by weather. One day everything was fine, the next torrential rain and winds had completely ripped apart everything they knew. In 2005, Hurricane Katrina forever changed the lives of the citizens of New Orleans. For three days they were left completely in the dark with no way to get information. Newspapers certainly were not being delivered to the affected regions and with no electricity, televisions and computers were rendered useless.

Elon Students Broadcast from WSOE's Radio Booth Seven Days a Week

On Sep. 1, 72 hours after Louisiana levees had been breached, United Radio Broadcasters was able to go on air using resources donated by competing companies who joined together for the tragic occasion. For the people of New Orleans this meant the world; anyone with a receiver and batteries could listen to the important broadcasts to receive information that could save their lives.

Radio had saved the Gulf Coast, giving people not only the vital information they required to survive but also providing music as a reprieve from their hardships. For traditional radio, the URB Katrina transmission marked a resounding triumph in an otherwise bleak quarter-century.

Investigating New Orleans

Connie Book, assistant professor and associate dean of communications at Elon University, has spent years researching this event. In January of 2008 she and 10 Elon communications students traveled to New Orleans to interview victims and document just how large a role traditional radio played for hurricane survivors in the days immediately following Hurricane Katrina. Throughout the trip students kept their own personal journals and an online blog documenting their findings, which will eventually be published in a book on the subject.

Since she began teaching broadcasting nearly 20 years ago, Book says “each year I talk about broadcasting radio less and less.” Competition for the attention of listeners is fierce. “Every year I ask my students the same question, how many of you listen to local radio? Fewer each year raise their hand.”

In an informal survey of over 40 student DJs at Elon University’s student-run station, WSOE, only 25 percent of respondents said they listened to traditional radio daily.

Recently people have had a hard time deciding just what exactly radio’s place is in the world of media. With Hurricane Katrina, Book says that “Radio was taking the lead, recognizing the role it serves as an industry, a role that includes significant investment in the communities it serves.”  Despite the obvious tragedy of the natural disaster, Book was amazed and excited when she heard the news of United Radio Broadcaster’s achievement.

Radio’s Role in America

Each day when Americans all across the country enter their cars to set off on their morning commute, they have a decision to make: what do I want to listen to? What used to be a clear-cut choice has evolved significantly since the emergence of the Internet. As a result, the number of people listening to traditional terrestrial radio has declined in recent years. What used to be a powerful medium for both journalism and entertainment is now often looked upon as a joke; a mere shell of the powerful force that it once was.

This fact has many pundits asking themselves how much time terrestrial radio has left.

To be fair, people have been calling the “death” of terrestrial radio for years now. First with the introduction television, then the debut of cassette players in cars, and again when CDs were invented. Things have never looked as dreary as they do now, however, with satellite stations, iPods, and Internet radio outlets such as Pandora always siphoning away precious listeners. Audiences are down, and thus advertising revenue has also suffered. Since selling advertising is what radio has always done for profit, it is not inappropriate to start asking “what if?” Is a world without traditional radio a possibility in the near future?

Results from an Informal Survey of Over 40 WSOE DJs

Elon University broadcasting professor Rich Landesberg does not think that it is all doom and gloom for terrestrial radio. Through his 20-plus-year career in the medium, he has heard people say that radio is “dead” more times than he can count.

“Terrestrial radio is still the most portable and useable medium available,” he says, adding that terrestrial radio still secures millions of daily listeners for pundits such as Rush Limbaugh, Clark Howard and Rachel Maddow, and for content on specific topics such as sports, weather and traffic. And as opposed to things like television or computers, which are ineffective without power, all one needs to operate a radio is a battery in times of emergency.

The Satellite Scare

Terrestrial radio had a huge scare with the initial launch of satellite radio, a fear that has subsided recently. Satellite radio was popularized by two companies: XM, which debuted in 2001, and Sirius, which launched in 2002. Both were introduced offering music, sports and news programming for a monthly subscription.

Over time the two companies were able to attract personalities such as Playboy Radio, Bob Edwards, Martha Stewart and most notably Howard Stern, who accepted a $100 million contract from Sirius in 2006 after being frustrated by the limitations of FCC-regulated terrestrial syndication.

XM and Sirius have since merged into one company, a union that was finally approved in 2008 after much fervent debate on Capitol Hill. Since the merger, the company has run into trouble. In tough economic times, many see satellite radio as a luxury they can no longer afford. Because of this, Landesberg says that the Sirius XM stock is worth “pennies.” Today most new satellite subscribers are car buyers who opt for a satellite radio upgrade installation from car companies that are partnered with Sirius XM. The only problem is that with the current economic crises, most people are not buying cars and thus, no satellite radio.

When he first heard the idea of satellite radio, Landesberg says he thought to himself “Who would pay $10 a month for radio?” A few years later, when he began commuting an hour to Elon every day, Landesberg began to see the usefulness of a satellite radio provider.

“There was no news on terrestrial radio in the morning,” he said, adding that “satellite also has a better market for music,” with its many specific-genre-oriented stations. Since satellite is not hindered by a limited bandwidth, companies have the luxury of offering specialized stations. While these stations must find listeners, there is more freedom for niche markets; stations don’t have to conform to a corporate playlist.

More Survey Results

In the survey of WSOE DJs, 62 percent said they do not subscribe to satellite. Those who said they do subscribe to a satellite company listed this attention to specialized music as the reason.

One student said, “The best advantage I would say is that (satellite stations) are more specialized niches of music that appeal better to whatever your specific taste is at the moment.” Another noted that “less commercials, wider variety and the ability to pinpoint a music interest,” was the main reason to pay the monthly subscription fee.

While this appeal is intriguing, in the end Landesberg does not think that satellite radio is traditional radio’s main competitor.

What is Radio’s Competition?

Ryan Sweeney, the current general manager of Elon’s WSOE, has a similar viewpoint on terrestrial radio’s main rivalries. “Pandora and the iPod are radio’s main competitors,” he says. An avid supporter of the value of terrestrial radio, Sweeney has worked at WSOE since early in his freshman year at Elon. He says he does not understand the appeal of satellite radio, adding that subscribing to satellite is stupid when it offers nothing more to listeners than free Internet services such as Pandora or Last FM.

“Satellite tries to appeal to too many people at once,” he says. “Now everyone wants instant gratification.”

Ryan Sweeney is WSOE's Current General Manager

Since the corporatization of many radio stations’ playlists in the 1980s and 1990s, the Internet has taken up the mantle of introducing people to new bands. Pandora and Last FM are free Internet music sources that attempt to link fans of one band to other similar bands they may not have heard of.

This wave of Web music will probably kill satellite radio first, however. The Pandora iPhone application is among the most popular, and this summer Apple plans to launch an application that will allow users to transmit music on their phones over the radio wirelessly.

“The problem with Pandora is that it has no personality,” says Sweeney. WSOE’s former general manager Erin Fox agrees. “People listen to terrestrial radio for personality,” she says. “With iPods, anyone is a DJ . . . people need a reason to listen.”

An Elon senior, Fox has interned at two major radio stations, including Chicago’s famous WXRT. “All across the country we’re experiencing a flattening culture,” she says, in reference to corporatization. “Spreadsheet programming is not enough, people like variety.” Fox said she believes that this trend to make every station sound the same, started by big companies such as Clear Channel (which owns over 900 radio stations across the United States) helped bring about radio’s recent downfall. “Corporate ownership and programming doesn’t work anymore,” she says.  Sweeney agrees, saying that with Clear Channel “stations have no cultural identity – DJs stick to formats.”

More Survey Results

The Key to Success: Hyper-Locality

Most experts agree that radio can only remain relevant if it stays true to its roots and remain local.

“In its early days, radio was hyper-local,” says Landesberg, “it needs to return to that.” Fox lists locality as one of traditional radio’s main strengths, saying “stations need to have pride in the community and give listeners a taste of the city.” At WXRT for example, DJs are given the option of playing what they want and encouraged to dig deep into their collections, playing both popular songs and forgotten ones.

Sweeney strives for localization at WSOE. He and musician Jason Kutchma are the co-founders of Choose Local Music, an organization dedicated to aiding local bands. “Choose Local Music is a movement to inspire people to go to local shows,” says Kutchma. “Radio used to break bands, but now it doesn’t do that anymore.  Blogs started to, but now there are just too many to keep track of.” A little less than half of polled Elon DJs use traditional radio to find bands, while 85 percent use the Internet. Choose Local Music is attempting to get independently owned radio stations to publicize, promote and play music from local artists and bring radio back to its original roots.

More Survey Results

Using the Web to Help, Not to Hurt

Stations also need to use the Internet more effectively. Fox says that convergence is the key to future radio success, and a simple Web site and streaming Webcast aren’t enough. “Stations need to use Web 2.0 tools to their advantage and offer complete packages with many entrance points.” While a station may not make any money on the Web yet, it can be an effective way to attract people to listen to a specific station. Elon professor Ken Calhoun is a big proponent of Web 2.0 tools, saying they can offer a station’s listeners “choice and control, two-way communication, and extend (their) reach).”

Since graduating from Elon University in 2005, Travis Lusk has done just that. As the new media director at New York’s WCBS, Lusk’s job is to stay on top of the Internet and make sure he is using it effectively to boost his station’s presence. In the past year alone, WCBS has completely overhauled its Web site, adding a news archive.  It has also implemented a blog and a Twitter account, which are used to connect and appeal to the station’s listeners through updates and contests.

Natasha Vukelic has seen similar growth working as the news director for North Carolina’s WCHL. National Public Radio has also experienced a large increase in listeners due to using the Internet effectively, offering its most popular programs as free podcasts on iTunes.

Is radio dying? It all depends. A cynic who has not done a complete amount of research would say yes; across the country audiences are down, and many stations are struggling to make ends meet. Times are tough but there is hope on the horizon.

If stations stay true to their roots and try once again to reflect the communities in which they are based, telling local stories and breaking local bands, people may be more inclined to listen again. But only if they know about the change, and radio stations also need to use the Internet effectively to make sure this happens. If traditional radio does these two things and does them well, it may once again rise to the effectiveness that it is capable of.

“Mediums don’t die, they change,” says Fox. Radio has a lot of changing to do, but the foundation has been laid for the future.

Anderson Cooper Takes Elon University for a 360 Degree Ride

 by Kevin Clang

Even though he often questions whether or not his work will actually change things, CNN’s Anderson Cooper does see the value in reporting the news, and bringing attention to stories that would otherwise recieve none.  So he told over 2,000 students at Elon University’s Alumni Gym in a speech delievered this Tuesday.

Anderson Cooper stresses the importance of fact-checking and objectivity in journalism at Elon University's Alumni Gym (picture from E-Net)

In a whirlwind of a day, Cooper arrived on Elon’s campus via jet just after noon, taking a tour of the School of Communications and making a surprise appearence in a few afternoon classes.  After a quick brown bag lunch, Cooper fielded student queries in an hour-long question and answer session in Whitley Auditorium.

In Whitley several students were given the oppertunity to ask Cooper direct questions mostly focused on the media and his own journalistic opinions and experiences.  At 4 p.m. Cooper spoke at Alumni Gym, a speech titled “A 360 Degree look at World Events.”

As it’s title suggests, Cooper’s speech was mostly serious look into the issues facing America today.  Cooper described his own experiences as a war correspondent for ABC, with whom he visited countries such as Somalia, Iran, Israel and Rwanda.  There were also some lighthearted moments peppered throughout the speech, especially when Cooper discussed the uselessness of his Yale degree in political science.

Throughout the day Cooper stressed the need for objectivity in journalism, saying he believes in “facts, not opinions . . . people are smart and can figure it out for themselves.”  He came down hard on the ideological reporting of some of his competitors, asking whether they were “pundits or reporters.”  With regards to papers, he stated that the possible disappearence of the newspaper was “scary,” but recognized that “the cost of printing and distributing paper is prohibitive (to the industry).”

A Yale graduate, Cooper was initially rejected for an entry level job at ABC News.  He accepted a job as a fact-checker at Channel One, a news program seen in middle and high schools across the country.  Eager to do more, he decided to leave the job to shoot his own stories overseas in Burma and Vietnam.

Eventually he was hired as a correspondent for ABC News, being appointed as anchor of their World News Now in 1999.  In 2001, Cooper joined CNN first as a correspondent and then as their weekend primetime anchor.  Cooper has hosted his own show on CNN, Anderson Cooper 360, since 2003.

Mac DeMere Races Towards Journalism’s Future at Elon University

by Kevin Clang

When it comes to picking what field of study one wants to major in, some students spent months agonizing over the important decision.  For Mac DeMere, it was easy.  “There was no degree in race-car driver,” he said.

Mac DeMere Visits COM 310

DeMere, a freelance auto-journalist who has spent his career working in newspapers, magazines, public relations and the automotive industry itself, visited Elon University today to discuss the changing face of journalism.  DeMere discussed his career, offering stories and advice, and finally asking students their opinions.

“You must be an expert in your field,” DeMere explained, adding that an expert should be able to “spot fudges and lies, and hear what they’re not saying.”  When you don’t know something, DeMere stressed that you “always find and expert that does.”  The auto-journalist also detailed with the class some of the ways in which journalism is changing.

“I did not take a variety of classes,” he said, mentioning television classes specifically.  “These days, you have to do everything; journalism is in flux.”  Print journalists are now expected to write for the web and television as well, and the three media could not be more different from one another.

DeMere talked about his first experiences in front of a television camera, something the company he was working for sprung on him with little to no warning.  “My first efforts on-camera were terrible,” he said, “Print journalism on air doesn’t work.”  Despite initial setbacks, DeMere admitted that television writing did become easier the more he did it.

The most important advice DeMere dispeled on the class was what he viewed as a journalist’s number one priority: accuracy.  “Give up on completeness for accuracy,” he explained, adding he would rather turn in a story late than turn one in that was not facutally sound.  “One error could lose you your audience for your career . . . not being wrong is all you can hope for.”

As most newspapers and magazines move on-line, DeMere questioned the future of quality journalism.  Although video often obtains ten times the number of on-line hits that print receives, “Written word is still important, powerful, and necessary,” he said, adding that the Internet was best for quick news and fast hits.

Investigative Reporting: Chapters 4, 5, & 7

by Kevin Clang

The process of investigative reporting has become both simpler and more complicated with the emergence of the internet.  With online records and archives, any public information can be easily found with the click of a mouse if the reporter knows where to look.  E-mail allows a reporter to stay in touch with important sources across great distances.  With all of this convenience, however, the line between what is ethical and what is not becomes grayer every day.  It is the job of the journalist to decide what is ethical and what is not.

When one considers a big story like the collapse of Enron just a few years ago, it is crazy to think just how far technology has come since then.  Back in the archaic days of 2001, most organizations did not have public records archived online for anyone to view.  Back then the press had to rely on a few brave whistle blowers (a practice admittedly still employed today).  It was up to the reporters to decide which information the whistle blowers gave them would be ethical to print and which they should leave out in order to protect their source.
Enron was eventually found guilty of obstruction of justice after it was discovered that they destroyed documents related to their audit.  Now evidence like this is much harder to get rid of.  What was true then is still true now, however.  Before a reporter digs into any investigative report they must ask themselves “does this matter?” and “can the potential harm to an individual or company be justified because it benefits society?”  If the answers are yes, then a reporter has license to continue.  It is always important to investigate both sides of any story, being sure to at least offer to interview the accused.

Today a reporter would be able to go even more in depth into a story like Enron.  A quick search of any newspaper’s online archives will bring up any story the paper has ever printed on the company, which could be useful if trying to find specific numbers or quotes.  While most of a company’s accounting numbers are kept secret, a reporter should be able to find quarterly profit announcements, government tax returns or stock prices.  Surveys are also much easier to issue and analyze today, giving the average person a voice.  A survey can be quickly administered online, and when complete one can analyze votes by any variety of demographics, including race and income.

One thing that will always stay the same is the process one uses to interview a potential source.  A reporter always needs to be honest and forthright with their source, telling them exactly what they plan to do with the information the source has.  The journalist must do their homework before the interview, finding exactly what questions to ask so that they don’t waste time.  They must make their source feel comfortable, no matter what the source’s opinion of the press is.  They must understand the motivation of the source to speak to the press as well, and how it might fit into their story.

Alex Kreitman Returns to Elon university with Advice for Online Writing

by Kevin Clang

Alex Kreitman, Online Editor for the Burlington (N.C.) Times-News, spoke about the future of journalism as it pertains to technology at Elon University this morning.  Kreitman graduated form Elon in 2006 with a degree in Journalism.

Kreitman offered both career advice for upcoming journalists and his take on how the world of online reporting and its relationship with print media has evolved during his tenure at the Times-News.

The internet now offers us an instant medium, stories can be posted immediately after they happen.  Kreitman said the Times-News takes this into account when choosing which stories to feature on the front page of its print edition.  National stories are online all day, so often the Times-News instead chooses to put local stories on the front page.

A recent goal of the Times-News has been to get more video to accompany news stories on its website.  In the past any video was good video, but today the Times-News strives to have its video look less amateure and more like broadcast.  Videos should look professional and tell their own story.  “Print and broadcast are converging,” said Kreitman.

One thing that Kreitman says newspapers can do to remain relevant is to be what he calls hyper-local.  “Bigger papers put too much effort covering National stories themselves,” said Kreitman.  By running a story from the Associated Press instead of sending their own reporter, the Times-News saves money.  Remaining loyal to local stories can also help smaller papers seperate themselves from their larger competitors.

Kreitman encouraged aspiring journalists to develop their video and photography skills in addition to their writing.  “Be innovative.  Use your technology advantage.”  The news world is quickly changing and many older reporters are being left out of the loop.  Today, words and video market stories.

Journalism’s Future – How the Internet Will Affect Print Media

            In his article “End Times” The Atlantic magazine, Michael Hirschorn somewhat pessimistically states that print media is dead.  The one paper Hirschorn chooses to symbolize the old ways of print media is The New York Times, who in October reported a nearly billion dollar debt.  Hirschorn predicts that this debt combined with an inability to sell parts of itself off will lead The New York Times, a flagship paper which is one of the most read in the world, to stop printing in May of 2009.

 

            With the economy struggling like it is, these are tough times for any business, but print media has long been in trouble.  Readership, and thus ad revenue, has been steadily falling for the better part of a decade.  People like Hirschorn would have us believe that it is all doom and gloom, but this is not the case.  The internet is rapidly changing everything we know about reporting; every day we are seeing the gradual evolution of the media as it moves from traditional sources to online ones.  These are exciting times for all journalists, veteran and rookie.  We are all firsthand witnesses to and partakers in the growth of media.

            In today’s world, everyone can be a journalist.  We live in a society of instant gratification, and the ways in which we get our news is no exception.  What started with printed newspapers evolved into radio coverage, which evolved into a nightly television broadcast, which evolved into 24-hour news channels, and finally into the World Wide Web.  Now anyone with a camera and a cell phone can instantly upload a newsworthy piece of information directly from the site of the event onto their blog or website.  Several reporters used the website Twitter to cover the recent Democratic and Republican National Conventions.

 

            Ironically for Hirschorn, The New York Times has been one of the best examples of adapting to new media.  As told by Emily Nussbaum in New York Magazine, the Times has been integrating new media into its news coverage via the internet at increasingly higher rates compared to some of its counterparts.  Visitors to the website can get the full story on any one topic using view archival stories, video coverage, links to relevant blogs, and revolutionary uses of flash.  Nick Bilton, who designed the New York Times website, said “Print is just a device. The New York Times is not just a newspaper, it’s a news organization.”

 

            The problem now will be how to turn this online success into profit.  So far, no one has successfully been able to do so.  While The New York Times is read by many more people online than in print, the majority of its revenue still comes from print advertising (especially now that it is selling ads on the front page).  The answer to this conundrum may be as simple as charging for an online subscription which would give the subscriber access to blogs and video in addition to printed stories, but many fear that doing so would be even more detrimental to print.  The Guardian of the UK has been able to run a successful website without cannibalizing its daily print edition.

 

            The growth or death of print media as we know it will likely depend on how tightly a few of the most successful newspaper owners grasp onto their romantic visions of what a newspaper ought to be.  Every time one of them criticizes blogging, video, or otherwise refuses to adapt to changing times they may as well be banging another proverbial nail into the newspaper’s coffin.  Only by adapting to the changing times will newspaper companies survive.  New York Times chairman Arthur Sulzberger said in 2002: “Newspapers cannot be defined by the second word — paper. They’ve got to be defined by the first – news.  All of us have to become agnostic as to the method of distribution. We’ve got to be as powerful online, as powerful in TV and broadcasting, as we are powerful in newsprint.”

 

            People will always need news; the desire to know what’s happening in the world around us is inherent in all human beings.  As the world grows smaller thanks to the power of the internet, newspapers must lead the charge into new media.  Video, websites, blogging: these things will not bring about the death of the newspaper; in fact they may very well save it.  Pundits have called for the death of print media before with the introductions of radio and television, and so far the newspaper has done just fine.  Times are certainly tough right now, but I would predict that in twenty years newspapers will still exist in some form, whether they be online or otherwise.

 

           

 

Sources

Gates, Dominic.  “Newspapers in a Digital Age.”  USC Annenberg.  May 1, 2002.  February 1, 2009.  http://www.ojr.org/ojr/future/1020298748.php

 

Hirschorn, Michael.  “End Times.”  The Atlantic.  January 2009.  February 1, 2009.  http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200901/new-york-times

 

Nussbaum, Emily.  “The New Journalism: Goosing the Grey Lady.”  New York Magazine.  January 11, 2009.  February 1, 2009.  http://nymag.com/news/features/all-new/53344/

 

Regan, Tom.  “Newspapers aren’t dying off, they’re evolving.”  Christian Science Monitor.  September 25, 2008.  Academic Search Premier.   February 1, 2009.  http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=1&hid=109&sid=8e098156-e77f-43b2-bda8-141c6bc0fefe%40sessionmgr102&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=aph&AN=34495605

 

Steege, Jenna.  “The Shape of Newspapers.”  St. Louis Journalism Review.  January 13, 2008.  Academic Search Premier.  February 1, 2009.  http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdf?vid=1&hid=102&sid=73a7942a-562d-49ef-be4c-a23dd621de3f%40sessionmgr107